Anything outside the required or behavioral needs of your fish will cause stress to your marine fish, stress to your fish will generally affect the fish health, reduce the life span and increase the chances of your fish having diseases.
Fish have a slime coat which is their primary defence system towards infections and stress is the main cause of the deteriorating of the slime coat. Fish can adapt to slightly different conditions in ther environment and understanding the factors that contribute to stress will reduce the risk.
By maintaining a balanced environment which include such things as our aquarium water parameter as this will elimate stress.
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Aquarium Mates:
The key word here is compatibility, so the last thing you want is aggressive fish chasing around the timid fish, smaller fish with no hiding places will feel stressed when theres large fish around
Some fish require a shoal to feel safe where others might be happy on ther own, so know your fish and you can be ableto provide a better enviornment for them.
Most new budding hobbyists will go out and buy as many fish as they can squeeze in and at times will over popular their saltwater aquarium, the approx rule of thumb is 1inch of fish per 2 gallons of water but remember our fish will grow too. Again take note of individual fishes requirements before buying marine fish to avoid any over crowding.
Fluctuations of temperature should be moderate and controlled at all times. The optimum temperature for fish will vary from fish to fish, but too cold or to warm will cause stress to the fish. Keep in mind that a tank in direct sunlight will heat up during the day. The water temperature may also rise during the light-on period. This can be more of a concern with smaller tanks rather than the larger ones.
Aquarium Water changes can cause stress so its important that you have the same temperature of the water, and dont disturb the fish to much too, therefore its always better to change less water more frequently.
Water Parameters:
Poor water quality or toxic posioning is the most significant cause for stress. Most fish can survive sub-optimal conditions if not too far out of their range. But sudden changes within the water chemistry will cause severe stress. Adjustments in aquarium pH, salinity, or water hardness should be made gradually. Ammonia and nitrite are extremely stressful and can be detrimental if high levels persist.
Nitrate, not as dangerous as ammonia/nitrite contributes to stress at all levels.
Other Factors:
Stress is also induced by insufficient oxygen levels (fish gasping for air), old fish food, and an unbalanced diet.
Fish are not good travelers and can cause a lot of stress so good care must be taken during acclimation process.
Symptoms of Stress:
A lot of contributing factors have to be considered but elimainating as many as possible will raise the resistance of your fish.
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